Communication Styles

Every workplace has both formal and informal communication channels, and knowing when to use each makes a big difference. Formal communication follows official channels - think company announcements, policy updates, or client presentations. Informal communication is the everyday stuff - quick Slack messages, hallway chats, or brainstorming sessions. The key is matching your style to the situation. A project update to leadership? Keep it formal. A question for your teammate about lunch plans? Go casual.

Communication flows in different directions within an organization, and each direction has its own purpose. Downward communication goes from managers to team members - things like assignments, feedback, and company updates. Upward communication moves from employees to leadership - status reports, ideas, and concerns. Horizontal communication happens between peers on the same level. Don't forget diagonal communication either - when you need to work directly with someone in a different department and level. Understanding these flows helps you pick the right approach for any message.

There's a clear line between how we talk inside the company and how we represent ourselves to the outside world. Internal communication covers everything from team meetings to company newsletters - it's about keeping everyone aligned and informed. External communication is how we interact with customers, partners, vendors, and the public. The stakes are different for each. Internal messages can be more candid and direct. External communication needs to protect our brand and maintain professionalism. Always think about your audience before hitting send.

Words spoken and words written serve different purposes. Oral communication - meetings, calls, presentations - lets you gauge reactions in real time and adjust your message. It's great for complex discussions or sensitive topics. Written communication - emails, reports, documentation - creates a record and gives people time to process information. A good rule: if you need a paper trail or the info is detailed, write it down. If you need quick alignment or want to read the room, have a conversation. Sometimes you'll need both - a meeting followed by a summary email.

Communication isn't just about talking - listening is half the equation. Active listening means fully focusing on the speaker, not just waiting for your turn to talk. Put away distractions. Make eye contact if you're in person. Ask clarifying questions to show you're engaged. Paraphrase what you heard to confirm understanding. It's surprising how many misunderstandings happen because someone was only half-listening. When people feel heard, they're more likely to collaborate and share important information.

What you don't say often speaks louder than what you do. Body language, facial expressions, tone of voice, and even the timing of your response all send messages. Crossed arms might signal defensiveness. A genuine smile builds trust. Eye rolling can tank a conversation fast. In video calls, these cues still matter - check your background, maintain good posture, and look at the camera when speaking. Be aware of your own non-verbal signals and learn to read others. It's a skill that gets better with practice.